THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
INTRODUCTION
The ambient temperature of the earth is now increasingly hot we feel. Temperature was not stable. Erratic weather makes life on earth is threatened. Construction of large buildings and high and illegal deforestation is one of the causes of increasing the heat of the earth - as unequal levels of carbon dioxide in the air pollution caused by msin-industrial machinery, motor vehicle fumes, and others.
Since the industrial revolution in 1750, the industrialization of the world - particularly in Europe continues to rise. This caused a dangerous gas levels increasing sharply. The advancement of science and technology to make people forget about the preservation of the environment, but along with that the remedial efforts were also aggressively implemented.
DISCUSSION
A. Introduction Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect, first discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824, is a process in which heat up the atmosphere of a planet. Mars, Venus, and other atmospheric celestial objects (such as a natural satellite of Saturn, Titan) have greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect can be used to refer to two different things: the natural greenhouse effect which occurs naturally in the earth, and the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities (see also global warming). The latter was accepted by all, the first accepted by most scientists, although there are some differences of opinion.
When solar radiation visible and invisible emitted into the earth, 10 the energy of solar radiation is absorbed by various gases in the atmosphere, 34% is reflected by clouds and the Earth's surface, 42% made the earth to heat, 23% off the water, and only 0.023% plants used for perfotosintesis.
At night the earth's surface reflects energy from the sun that is not converted into other forms of energy such as converted into carbohydrates by plants in the form of infrared radiation. But not all infrared heat radiation from the earth's surface restrained by gases in the atmosphere. Gases in the atmosphere absorb heat energy reflected from the earth.
In a smaller scale - the same thing happens in a greenhouse. Solar radiation through the glass and into the greenhouse. Reflections from objects and surfaces in the greenhouse is in the form of infrared and suspended glass roof that resulted in the greenhouse air is warm despite the cold air outside. Heating effect is called the greenhouse effect or the "green house effect". The gases that functions like the so-called greenhouse gases greenhouse or "green house gases".
B. Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect is made up of a number of interactions between the atmosphere increases with solar radiation. Although the sun consists of an assortment of wavelengths, most of the radiation that reaches the Earth's surface is in the range of visible light. This is due to the ozone normally found in the upper atmosphere, filtering out most of the ultraviolet rays. Atmospheric water vapor and methane gas from decaying - mengabsorpsikan most infrared which can be felt as heat on our skin. Approximately one-third of the light that reaches the earth's surface will be reflected back into the atmosphere.
Most of the rest will diabsorpsikan by other objects. Diabsorpsikan rays will be radiated back in the form of infrared radiation with wavelengths or heat if the Earth becomes cooler. Beam with a wavelength higher will be diabsorpsikan by atmospheric carbon dioxide and release heat so the temperature of the atmosphere will increase. Carbon dioxide acts as a filter in one direction, but block light with wavelengths more to get through from the opposite direction. Activity filter carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the temperature will rise. This condition is called the greenhouse effect.
Effect of carbon dioxide produced from gaseous air pollution is one of the greenhouse. Carbon dioxide has a light absorbing properties (heat) of the sun is infrared light - so the air temperature becomes higher because of it. If these levels are more evenly distributed throughout the earth's surface, the average air temperature of the earth would be slightly higher, and this may lead to melting of the ice and snow at the poles and on the tops of mountains, so that the sea level rise.
C. Occurrence Mechanism
The process of the greenhouse effect is related to the cycle of the sun's heat flow. Approximately 30% of solar radiation that reaches the ground is reflected back into space and absorbed by the vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases in the atmosphere. The remaining 70% is absorbed by land, sea and clouds. At night the land and water bodies were relatively warmer than the air above it. Absorbed energy is radiated back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation, long-wave radiation or heat energy. Most of this infrared radiation will be captured by carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere. Only a fraction will escape into space. The overall result is that the Earth's surface warmed by the presence of molecules of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the like. Warming effect is known as the greenhouse effect.
While the process in a nutshell that is when the sun's rays penetrate the glass as radiation shortwave so hot diserapa by earth and plants in the greenhouse. Henceforth, the heat is radiated back but with long wavelengths (long geklombang versus energy) so that the radiation beam can not penetrate glass. As a result, the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the temperature outside the greenhouse.
The ambient temperature of the earth is now increasingly hot we feel. Temperature was not stable. Erratic weather makes life on earth is threatened. Construction of large buildings and high and illegal deforestation is one of the causes of increasing the heat of the earth - as unequal levels of carbon dioxide in the air pollution caused by msin-industrial machinery, motor vehicle fumes, and others.
Since the industrial revolution in 1750, the industrialization of the world - particularly in Europe continues to rise. This caused a dangerous gas levels increasing sharply. The advancement of science and technology to make people forget about the preservation of the environment, but along with that the remedial efforts were also aggressively implemented.
A. Introduction Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect, first discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824, is a process in which heat up the atmosphere of a planet. Mars, Venus, and other atmospheric celestial objects (such as a natural satellite of Saturn, Titan) have greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect can be used to refer to two different things: the natural greenhouse effect which occurs naturally in the earth, and the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities (see also global warming). The latter was accepted by all, the first accepted by most scientists, although there are some differences of opinion.
When solar radiation visible and invisible emitted into the earth, 10 the energy of solar radiation is absorbed by various gases in the atmosphere, 34% is reflected by clouds and the Earth's surface, 42% made the earth to heat, 23% off the water, and only 0.023% plants used for perfotosintesis.
At night the earth's surface reflects energy from the sun that is not converted into other forms of energy such as converted into carbohydrates by plants in the form of infrared radiation. But not all infrared heat radiation from the earth's surface restrained by gases in the atmosphere. Gases in the atmosphere absorb heat energy reflected from the earth.
In a smaller scale - the same thing happens in a greenhouse. Solar radiation through the glass and into the greenhouse. Reflections from objects and surfaces in the greenhouse is in the form of infrared and suspended glass roof that resulted in the greenhouse air is warm despite the cold air outside. Heating effect is called the greenhouse effect or the "green house effect". The gases that functions like the so-called greenhouse gases greenhouse or "green house gases".
B. Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect is made up of a number of interactions between the atmosphere increases with solar radiation. Although the sun consists of an assortment of wavelengths, most of the radiation that reaches the Earth's surface is in the range of visible light. This is due to the ozone normally found in the upper atmosphere, filtering out most of the ultraviolet rays. Atmospheric water vapor and methane gas from decaying - mengabsorpsikan most infrared which can be felt as heat on our skin. Approximately one-third of the light that reaches the earth's surface will be reflected back into the atmosphere.
Most of the rest will diabsorpsikan by other objects. Diabsorpsikan rays will be radiated back in the form of infrared radiation with wavelengths or heat if the Earth becomes cooler. Beam with a wavelength higher will be diabsorpsikan by atmospheric carbon dioxide and release heat so the temperature of the atmosphere will increase. Carbon dioxide acts as a filter in one direction, but block light with wavelengths more to get through from the opposite direction. Activity filter carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the temperature will rise. This condition is called the greenhouse effect.
Effect of carbon dioxide produced from gaseous air pollution is one of the greenhouse. Carbon dioxide has a light absorbing properties (heat) of the sun is infrared light - so the air temperature becomes higher because of it. If these levels are more evenly distributed throughout the earth's surface, the average air temperature of the earth would be slightly higher, and this may lead to melting of the ice and snow at the poles and on the tops of mountains, so that the sea level rise.
C. Occurrence Mechanism
The process of the greenhouse effect is related to the cycle of the sun's heat flow. Approximately 30% of solar radiation that reaches the ground is reflected back into space and absorbed by the vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases in the atmosphere. The remaining 70% is absorbed by land, sea and clouds. At night the land and water bodies were relatively warmer than the air above it. Absorbed energy is radiated back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation, long-wave radiation or heat energy. Most of this infrared radiation will be captured by carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere. Only a fraction will escape into space. The overall result is that the Earth's surface warmed by the presence of molecules of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the like. Warming effect is known as the greenhouse effect.
While the process in a nutshell that is when the sun's rays penetrate the glass as radiation shortwave so hot diserapa by earth and plants in the greenhouse. Henceforth, the heat is radiated back but with long wavelengths (long geklombang versus energy) so that the radiation beam can not penetrate glass. As a result, the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the temperature outside the greenhouse.
D.
Greenhouse Impact
Increasing the temperature of the Earth would result in a very extreme climate change on Earth. This can lead to disruption of forests and other ecosystems, thereby reducing its ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Global warming resulting in the melting of icebergs in the polar regions that could lead to rising sea levels. The greenhouse effect will also lead to rising sea temperatures that sea water expands and sea level rise occurred which resulted in the islands will have a huge influence.
According to estimates, the greenhouse effect has increased the Earth's average temperature 1-5 ° C. If the trend of increasing greenhouse gases remain as it will lead to an increase in global warming between 1.5 to 4.5 ° C around the year 2030. With increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the more heat waves reflected from the Earth's surface is absorbed the atmosphere. This will result in earth's surface temperature to rise.
The greenhouse effect is caused by rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere. The increase in CO2 concentration is due to the increase in the burning of fuel oil (BBM), coal and other organic fuels which exceed the ability of plants and sea to mengabsorpsinya. Energy into the earth experience: 25% is reflected by clouds or other particles in the atmosphere is absorbed by clouds 25% 45% 5% absorbed by the Earth's surface is reflected back by the earth's surface.
The energy absorbed is reflected back in the form of infrared radiation by clouds and the Earth's surface. But most of the infrared emitted by the clouds and the earth retained CO2 and other gases, to be returned to the earth's surface. Under normal circumstances, the greenhouse effect is necessary, with the greenhouse effect the temperature difference between day and night on earth is not too much different.
In addition to CO2 gas, which can cause the greenhouse effect are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and some organic compounds such as methane (CH4) and khloro fluoro carbon (CFC). These gases play an important role in enhancing the greenhouse effect.
E. Enterprises Reduce Greenhouse Effect
Many things we can easily do to reduce greenhouse gases that cause global warming. How, we can turn off lights and appliances when not in use. In addition to saving energy and money to pay for electricity, it also reduces pollution due to the use of fuel. Diligent to call a service desk. Carpooling or go with friends or family to school, tutoring, or mall. In addition to reducing congestion, we also save energy. When printing a job, try to use both sides of paper. Plastics are materials that are difficult to disentangle. When burned, the plastic will be toxic or polluting substances. The use of plastic bags when shopping to be reduced. The entire plastic it's just a waste. Try it cardboard or a disposable bag canvas bag.
CLOSING
Conclusion
1. The greenhouse effect causes an increase in temperature of the earth - thus affecting the global climate.
2. However, the greenhouse effect also had a positive impact, such as the persistence of agricultural activities in the winter by the Europeans.
3. The greenhouse effect causing other negative effects that cause harm to humans and other living things.
Suggestion
1. The use of carbon dioxide emissions, the cars are wasteful of fuel should be more streamlined.
2. Replacing fossil fuels with solar energy is environmentally friendly.
3. Reforestation of forests have been cut down to reduce the levels of carbon dioxide.
4. Diversification of fuel oil, gas, electricity, and even solar power.
5. For developing countries such as Indonesia should have a maintenance vehicle emissions of carbon dioxide or in other words carry the Blue Sky program to reduce air pollution levels are already on the threshold - especially in big cities like Jakarta.
6. The greenhouse effect may lead to uncontrolled unpredictable ecological changes, such as changes in temperature and forest patterns that reduce agricultural productivity.
7. Indonesia losses in agriculture due to climate change caused by the impact of the greenhouse effect was expected to be large. Anglas (Asian Least Gost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy) explained that the resulting greenhouse effect include: rising sea levels, water crisis, the increasing frequency of mosquito-borne diseases, damage to infrastructure waterfront area, and declining agricultural production.
REFERENCES
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembicaraan:Efek
http://nagasundani.blogsome.com/2005/05/09/efek-rumah-kaca-buruk-jika/trackback/
Increasing the temperature of the Earth would result in a very extreme climate change on Earth. This can lead to disruption of forests and other ecosystems, thereby reducing its ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Global warming resulting in the melting of icebergs in the polar regions that could lead to rising sea levels. The greenhouse effect will also lead to rising sea temperatures that sea water expands and sea level rise occurred which resulted in the islands will have a huge influence.
According to estimates, the greenhouse effect has increased the Earth's average temperature 1-5 ° C. If the trend of increasing greenhouse gases remain as it will lead to an increase in global warming between 1.5 to 4.5 ° C around the year 2030. With increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the more heat waves reflected from the Earth's surface is absorbed the atmosphere. This will result in earth's surface temperature to rise.
The greenhouse effect is caused by rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere. The increase in CO2 concentration is due to the increase in the burning of fuel oil (BBM), coal and other organic fuels which exceed the ability of plants and sea to mengabsorpsinya. Energy into the earth experience: 25% is reflected by clouds or other particles in the atmosphere is absorbed by clouds 25% 45% 5% absorbed by the Earth's surface is reflected back by the earth's surface.
The energy absorbed is reflected back in the form of infrared radiation by clouds and the Earth's surface. But most of the infrared emitted by the clouds and the earth retained CO2 and other gases, to be returned to the earth's surface. Under normal circumstances, the greenhouse effect is necessary, with the greenhouse effect the temperature difference between day and night on earth is not too much different.
In addition to CO2 gas, which can cause the greenhouse effect are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and some organic compounds such as methane (CH4) and khloro fluoro carbon (CFC). These gases play an important role in enhancing the greenhouse effect.
E. Enterprises Reduce Greenhouse Effect
Many things we can easily do to reduce greenhouse gases that cause global warming. How, we can turn off lights and appliances when not in use. In addition to saving energy and money to pay for electricity, it also reduces pollution due to the use of fuel. Diligent to call a service desk. Carpooling or go with friends or family to school, tutoring, or mall. In addition to reducing congestion, we also save energy. When printing a job, try to use both sides of paper. Plastics are materials that are difficult to disentangle. When burned, the plastic will be toxic or polluting substances. The use of plastic bags when shopping to be reduced. The entire plastic it's just a waste. Try it cardboard or a disposable bag canvas bag.
CLOSING
Conclusion
1. The greenhouse effect causes an increase in temperature of the earth - thus affecting the global climate.
2. However, the greenhouse effect also had a positive impact, such as the persistence of agricultural activities in the winter by the Europeans.
3. The greenhouse effect causing other negative effects that cause harm to humans and other living things.
Suggestion
1. The use of carbon dioxide emissions, the cars are wasteful of fuel should be more streamlined.
2. Replacing fossil fuels with solar energy is environmentally friendly.
3. Reforestation of forests have been cut down to reduce the levels of carbon dioxide.
4. Diversification of fuel oil, gas, electricity, and even solar power.
5. For developing countries such as Indonesia should have a maintenance vehicle emissions of carbon dioxide or in other words carry the Blue Sky program to reduce air pollution levels are already on the threshold - especially in big cities like Jakarta.
6. The greenhouse effect may lead to uncontrolled unpredictable ecological changes, such as changes in temperature and forest patterns that reduce agricultural productivity.
7. Indonesia losses in agriculture due to climate change caused by the impact of the greenhouse effect was expected to be large. Anglas (Asian Least Gost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy) explained that the resulting greenhouse effect include: rising sea levels, water crisis, the increasing frequency of mosquito-borne diseases, damage to infrastructure waterfront area, and declining agricultural production.
REFERENCES
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembicaraan:Efek
http://nagasundani.blogsome.com/2005/05/09/efek-rumah-kaca-buruk-jika/trackback/
PENDAHULUAN
Keadaan suhu di bumi sekarang ini semakin hari semakin panas
kita rasakan. Suhu pun tidak stabil. Cuaca yang tidak menentu membuat kehidupan
di muka bumi ini terancam. Pembangunan gedung-gedung besar dan tinggi serta
pembabatan hutan secara liar merupakan salah satu penyebab makin panasnya suhu
bumi – karena tidak seimbangnya kadar karbon dioksida di udara dengan polusi
yang ditimbulkan oleh msin-mesin industri, asap kendaraan bermotor, dan
lain-lain.
Sejak revolusi industri tahun 1750, industrialisasi di dunia
– khususnya di Eropa terus meningkat. Ini menyebabkan kadar gas yang berbahaya
semakin tajam. Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi membuat orang lupa akan
kelestarian lingkungannya, namun seiring dengan itu usaha-usaha perbaikan
lingkungan pun juga gencar dilaksanakan.
PEMBAHASAN
A. Pengenalan Efek
Rumah Kaca
Efek rumah kaca, pertama kali ditemukan oleh Joseph Fourier
pada 1824, merupakan sebuah proses di mana atmosfer memanaskan sebuah planet.
Mars, Venus, dan benda langit beratmosfer lainnya (seperti satelit alami
Saturnus, Titan) memiliki efek rumah kaca.
Efek rumah kaca dapat digunakan untuk menunjuk dua hal
berbeda: efek rumah kaca alami yang terjadi secara alami di bumi, dan efek
rumah kaca ditingkatkan yang terjadi akibat aktivitas manusia (lihat juga
pemanasan global). Yang belakangan ini diterima oleh semua; yang pertama
diterima kebanyakan oleh ilmuwan, meskipun ada beberapa perbedaan pendapat.
Ketika radiasi matahari tampak maupun tidak tampak
dipancarkan ke bumi, 10 energi radiasi matahari itu diserap oleh berbagai gas
yang ada di atmosfer, 34% dipantulkan oleh awan dan permukaan bumi, 42% membuat
bumi menjadi panas, 23% menguapkan air, dan hanya 0,023% dimanfaatkan tanaman
untuk perfotosintesis.
Malam hari permukaan bumi memantulkan energi dari matahari
yang tidak diubah menjadi bentuk energi lain seperti diubah menjadi karbohidrat
oleh tanaman dalam bentuk radiasi inframerah. Tetapi tidak semua radiasi panas
inframerah dari permukaan bumi tertahan oleh gas-gas yang ada di atmosfer.
Gas-gas yang ada di atmosfer menyerap energi panas pantulan dari bumi.
Dalam skala yang lebih kecil – hal yang sama juga terjadi di
dalam rumah kaca. Radiasi sinar matahari menembus kaca, lalu masuk ke dalam
rumah kaca. Pantulan dari benda dan permukaan di dalam rumah kaca adalah berupa
sinar inframerah dan tertahan atap kaca yang mengakibatkan udara di dalam rumah
kaca menjadi hangat walaupun udara di luar dingin. Efek memanaskan itulah yang
disebut efek rumah kaca atau ”green house effect”. Gas-gas yang berfungsi
bagaikan pada rumah kaca disebut gas rumah kaca atau ”green house gases”.
B. Pengaruh Rumah
Kaca
Pengaruh rumah kaca terbentuk dari interaksi antara atmosfer
yang jumlahnya meningkat dengan radiasi solar. Meskipun sinar matahari terdiri
atas bermacam-macam panjang gelombang, kebanyakan radiasi yang mencapai
permukaan bumi terletak pada kisaran sinar tampak. Hal ini disebabkan ozon yang
terdapat secara normal di atmosfer bagian atas, menyaring sebagian besar sinar
ultraviolet. Uap air atmosfer dan gas metana dari pembusukan – mengabsorpsikan
sebagian besar inframerah yang dapat dirasakan pada kulit kita sebagai panas.
Kira-kira sepertiga dari sinar yang mencapai permukaan bumi akan direfleksikan
kembali ke atmosfer.
Sebagian besar sisanya akan diabsorpsikan oleh benda-benda
lainnya. Sinar yang diabsorpsikan tersebut akan diradiasikan kembali dalam
bentuk radiasi inframerah dengan gelombang panjang atau panas jika bumi menjadi
dingin. Sinar dengan panjang gelombang lebih tinggi tersebut akan diabsorpsikan
oleh karbon dioksida atmosfer dan membebaskan panas sehingga suhu atmosfer akan
meningkat. Karbon dioksida berfungsi sebagai filter satu arah, tetapi
menghambat sinar dengan panjang gelombang lebih untuk melaluinya dari arah yang
berlawanan. Aktivitas filter dari karbon dioksida mengakibatkan suhu atmosfer
dan bumi akan meningkat. Keadaan inilah yang disebut pengaruh rumah kaca.
Pengaruh karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dari pencemaran
udara berbentuk gas yang salah satunya adalah dari rumah kaca. Karbon dioksida
mempunyai sifat menyerap sinar (panas) matahari yaitu sinar inframerah –
sehingga temperatur udara menjadi lebih tinggi karenanya. Apabila kadar yang
lebih ini merata di seluruh permukaan bumi, temperatur udara rata-rata di
seluruh permukaan bumi akan sedikit naik, dan ini dapat mengakibatkan
meleburnya es dan salju di kutub dan di puncak-puncak pegunungan, sehingga
permukaan air laut naik.
C. Mekanisme
Terjadinya
Proses terjadinya efek rumah kaca ini berkaitan dengan daur
aliran panas matahari. Kurang lebih 30% radiasi matahari yang mencapai tanah
dipantulkan kembali ke angkasa dan diserap oleh uap, gas karbon dioksida,
nitrogen, oksigen, dan gas-gas lain di atmosfer. Sisanya yang 70% diserap oleh
tanah, laut, dan awan. Pada malam hari tanah dan badan air itu relatif lebih
hangat daripada udara di atasnya. Energi yang terserap diradiasikan kembali ke
atmosfer sebagai radiasi inframerah, gelombang panjang atau radiasi energi
panas. Sebagian besar radiasi inframerah ini akan tertahan oleh karbon dioksida
dan uap air di atmosfer. Hanya sebagian kecil akan lepas ke angkasa luar.
Akibat keseluruhannya adalah bahwa permukaan bumi dihangatkan oleh adanya
molekul uap air, karbon dioksida, dan semacamnya. Efek penghangatan ini dikenal
sebagai efek rumah kaca.
Sedangkan proses secara singkatnya yaitu ketika sinar
radiasi matahari menembus kaca sebagai gelombang pendek sehingga panasnya
diserapa oleh bumi dan tanaman yang ada di dalam rumah kaca tersebut. Untuk
selanjutnya, panas tersebut di radiasikan kembali namun dengan panjang
gelombang yang panjang(panjang geklombang berbanding dengan energi) sehingga
sinar radiasi tersebut tidak dapat menembus kaca. Akibatnya, suhu di dalam
rumah kaca lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan suhu yang di luar rumah kaca.
D. Dampak Rumah
Kaca
Meningkatnya suhu permukaan bumi akan mengakibatkan adanya
perubahan iklim yang sangat ekstrem di bumi. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan
terganggunya hutan dan ekosistem lainnya, sehingga mengurangi kemampuannya
untuk menyerap karbon dioksida di atmosfer. Pemanasan global mengakibatkan
mencairnya gunung-gunung es di daerah kutub yang dapat menimbulkan naiknya
permukaan air laut. Efek rumah kaca juga akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya suhu
air laut sehingga air laut mengembang dan terjadi kenaikan permukaan laut yang
mengakibatkan negara Kepulauan akan mendapatkan pengaruh yang sangat besar.
Menurut perkiraan, efek rumah kaca telah meningkatkan suhu
bumi rata-rata 1-5°C. Bila kecenderungan peningkatan gas rumah kaca tetap
seperti sekarang akan menyebabkan peningkatan pemanasan global antara 1,5-4,5°C
sekitar tahun 2030. Dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi gas CO2 di atmosfer, maka
akan semakin banyak gelombang panas yang dipantulkan dari permukaan bumi
diserap atmosfer. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan suhu permukaan bumi menjadi
meningkat.
Efek rumah kaca disebabkan karena naiknya konsentrasi gas
karbondioksida (CO2) dan gas-gas lainnya di atmosfer. Kenaikan konsentrasi gas
CO2 ini disebabkan oleh kenaikan pembakaran bahan bakar minyak (BBM), batu bara
dan bahan bakar organik lainnya yang melampaui kemampuan tumbuhan-tumbuhan dan
laut untuk mengabsorpsinya. Energi yang masuk ke bumi mengalami: 25%
dipantulkan oleh awan atau partikel lain di atmosfer 25% diserap awan 45% diabsorpsi
permukaan bumi 5% dipantulkan kembali oleh permukaan bumi.
Energi yang diabsorpsi dipantulkan kembali dalam bentuk
radiasi infra merah oleh awan dan permukaan bumi. Namun sebagian besar infra
merah yang dipancarkan bumi tertahan oleh awan dan gas CO2 dan gas lainnya,
untuk dikembalikan ke permukaan bumi. Dalam keadaan normal, efek rumah kaca
diperlukan, dengan adanya efek rumah kaca perbedaan suhu antara siang dan malam
di bumi tidak terlalu jauh berbeda.
Selain gas CO2, yang dapat menimbulkan efek rumah kaca
adalah sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen monoksida (NO) dan nitrogen dioksida
(NO2) serta beberapa senyawa organik seperti gas metana (CH4) dan khloro fluoro
karbon (CFC). Gas-gas tersebut memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan efek
rumah kaca.
E. Usaha
Mengurangi Efek Rumah Kaca
Banyak hal gampang yang bisa kita lakukan untuk mengurangi
efek rumah kaca yang menyebabkan pemanasan global. Caranya, kita bisa mematikan
lampu dan peralatan elektronik saat tidak digunakan. Selain hemat energi dan
uang untuk bayar listrik, juga mengurangi polusi karena penggunaan bahan bakar.
Rajin-rajin memanggil tukang servis AC. Carpooling atau berangkat bareng teman
atau keluarga ke sekolah, tempat les, atau mal. Selain mengurangi kemacetan,
kita juga menghemat energi. Saat mencetak tugas, usahakan memakai dua sisi
kertas. Plastik adalah bahan yang sulit untuk diuraikan. Kalau dibakar, plastik
akan menjadi zat racun atau polusi. Pemakaian kantong plastik saat belanja
harus dikurangi. Seluruh plastik itu hanya menjadi sampah. Coba deh pakai tas
karton atau tas kanvas.
PENUTUP
Kesimpulan
1. Efek rumah
kaca menyebabkan kenaikan suhu bumi – sehingga mempengaruhi iklim secara
global.
2. Namun
demikian, efek rumah kaca juga berdampak positif, seperti tetap berlangsungnya
kegiatan pertanian pada musim dingin oleh orang-orang Eropa.
3. Efek rumah
kaca menimbulkan dampak-dampak negatif lainnya yang menyebabkan kerugian pada
manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya.
Saran
1. Penggunaan
emisi gas karbon dioksida, mobil-mobil yang boros bahan bakar sebaiknya lebih
diefisienkan.
2. Mengganti
bahan bakar minyak dengan tenaga tata surya yang ramah lingkungan.
3. Penghijauan
kembali hutan-hutan yang sudah ditebang untuk mengurangi kadar karbon dioksida.
4. Penganekaragaman bahan bakar minyak, gas,
tenaga listrik, bahkan tenaga tata surya.
5. Bagi
negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia sebaiknya melakukan pemeliharaan
kendaraan emisi gas karbon dioksida atau dengan kata lain melaksanakan program
Langit Biru untuk mengurangi kadar polusi udara yang sudah di ambang batas –
terutama di kota-kota besar seperti Jakarta.
6. Efek rumah
kaca yang tidak terkendali dapat menyebabkan perubahan ekologi yang sulit
ditebak, seperti perubahan suhu dan pola hutan yang mengurangi produktivitas
pertanian.
7. Kerugian
Indonesia di bidang pertanian karena perubahan iklim yang disebabkan oleh
dampak efek rumah kaca diperkirakan sangat besar. ANGLAS (Asian Least Gost
Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy) memaparkan bahwa efek rumah kaca
mengakibatkan antara lain: naiknya permukaan air laut, krisis air bersih,
meningkatnya frekuensi penyakit yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk, rusaknya
infrastruktur daerah tepi pantai, dan menurunnya produksi pertanian.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembicaraan:Efek
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